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Main minerals in the lead-zinc sulfide ore and their floatability
Lead sulfide can be divided zinc ores lead-zinc, lead-zinc sulfide ores, lead-zinc ore fluorite, galena single or a single zinc, rare latter.
1. Galena (PbS)
Containing Pb86.6%, crystal of cubic crystal, generally crystal is relatively complete, galena often contains Ag, Cu, Fe, Sb, Bi, As, Mo and other impurities.
Commonly used collectors are xanthate and black medicine. Studies have shown that galena in the PH is easy to float for the yellow yam, and xanthate is chemically adsorbed on the surface of the galena. The adsorbed product is lead xanthate. White medicine and ethyl sulphide lead ore also have a selective harvesting effect.
Galena flotation optimum PH value of 7-8, adjusted with sodium carbonate generally, because a certain inhibition lime galena, heavy chromate or chromate galena effects inhibitors, their side On the surface of lead ore, an insoluble copper chromate multi-molecular layer is formed to suppress the surface hydrophilicity. The galena which has been inhibited by dichromate should be activated by sodium chloride in an acidic medium such as hydrochloric acid. Sodium has a strong inhibitory effect on lead ore because the solubility of lead sulfide is much less than that of lead xanthate; in addition, S 2- ions can also desorb the adsorbed xanthate anion from the mineral surface.
2. Sphalerite (ZnS)
Containing Zn67.1%, there are many varieties of sphalerite depending on its impurity content. The color difference of the appearance is also very large, generally brown, there are also black ( iron sphalerite), and even colorless.
Xanthate is a collector of sphalerite flotation. It uses a short-chain xanthate to directly float sphalerite. In most cases, it does not float or only has a low recovery rate. A high-grade xanthate containing 5-6 carbons is in PH. Higher recovery rates are obtained when the temperature is not high. However, the sphalerite activated by Cu 2+ can be floated by low-grade xanthate. The adsorption product of xanthate on sphalerite is the zinc xanthate adsorption layer. In addition, the black drug is also a collector of sphalerite.
Many metal ions such as Cu 2+, Hg +, Ag + , Pb 2+, Cd 2+ etc. There activation of sphalerite, but the most common is copper sulphate, Cu 2+ reaction with activated sphalerite The pH value of the pulp changes, the activation of the acidic medium is the best, although the flotation occurs in the alkaline, but the index is not as acidic; the neutral medium appears worse than the non-Cu 2+ flotation. This is because Cu 2+ generates a hydrophilic compound such as CuOH + , Cu(OH) 2 or Cu 2 (OH) 2 2+ , or xanthate reacts with copper ions in the liquid phase to form xanthate, which is consumed. The xanthate caused the sphalerite to be suppressed.
Sphalerite is often activated spontaneously because it contains copper impurities or is adsorbed by Cu 2+ in the slurry during the grinding process, which is one of the reasons for the difficulty in separating sphalerite from other minerals.
Zinc sulphate is a major inhibitor of sphalerite. For flotation activities, or activated sphalerite, cyanide is mixed with zinc sulphate as an inhibitor. Sodium sulfide, sulfites, and thiosulfates are also inhibitors of sphalerite. In recent years, some factories and mines have also adopted SO 2 as an inhibitor of sphalerite.